14 'métodos' de ensino

LectureSTRENGTHS:- presents factual material in direct, logical manner- contains experience which inspires- stimulates thinking to open discussion- useful for large groupsLIMITATIONS:- experts are not always good teachers- audience is passive- learning is difficult to gauge- communication in one wayPREPARATION:- needs clear introduction and summary- needs time and content limit to be effective- should include examples, anecdotes 2. Lecture With DiscussionSTRENGTHS:- involves audience at least after the lecture- audience can question, clarify & challengeLIMITATIONS:- time may limit discussion period- quality is limited to quality of questions and discussionPREPARATION:- requires that questions be prepared prior to discussion3. Panel of ExpertsSTRENGTHS:- allows experts to present different opinions- can provoke better discussion than a one person discussion- frequent change of speaker keeps attention from laggingLIMITATIONS:- experts may not be good speakers- personalities may overshadow content- subject may not be in logical orderPREPARATION:- facilitator coordinates focus of panel, introduces and summarizes- briefs panel 4. BrainstormingSTRENGTHS:- listening exercise that allows creative thinking for new ideas- encourages full participation because all ideas equally recorded- draws on group's knowledge and experience- spirit of congeniality is created- one idea can spark off other other ideasLIMITATIONS:- can be unfocused- needs to be limited to 5 - 7 minutes- people may have difficulty getting away from known reality- if not facilitated well, criticism and evaluation may occurPREPARATION:- facilitator selects issue- must have some ideas if group needs to be stimulated 5. VideotapesSTRENGTHS:- entertaining way of teaching content and raising issues- keep group's attention- looks professional- stimulates discussionLIMITATIONS:- can raise too many issues to have a focused discussion- discussion may not have full participation- only as effective as following discussionPREPARATION:- need to set up equipment- effective only if facilitator prepares questions to discuss after the show 6. Class DiscussionSTRENGTHS:- pools ideas and experiences from group- effective after a presentation, film or experience that needs to be analyzed- allows everyone to participate in an active processLIMITATIONS:- not practical with more that 20 people- few people can dominate- others may not participate- is time consuming- can get off the trackPREPARATION:- requires careful planning by facilitator to guide discussion- requires question outline 7. Small Group DiscussionSTRENGTHS:- allows participation of everyone- people often more comfortable in small groups- can reach group consensusLIMITATIONS:- needs careful thought as to purpose of group- groups may get side trackedPREPARATION:- needs to prepare specific tasks or questions for group to answer 8. Case StudiesSTRENGTHS:- develops analytic and problem solving skills- allows for exploration of solutions for complex issues- allows student to apply new knowledge and skillsLIMITATIONS:- people may not see relevance to own situation- insufficient information can lead to inappropriate resultsPREPARATION:- case must be clearly defined in some cases- case study must be prepared 9. Role PlayingSTRENGTHS:- introduces problem situation dramatically- provides opportunity for people to assume roles of others and thus appreciate another point of view- allows for exploration of solutions- provides opportunity to practice skillsLIMITATIONS:- people may be too self-conscious- not appropriate for large groups- people may feel threatenedPREPARATION:- trainer has to define problem situation and roles clearly- trainer must give very clear instructions 10. Report-Back SessionsSTRENGTHS:- allows for large group discussion of role plays, case studies, and small group exercise- gives people a chance to reflect on experience- each group takes responsibility for its operationLIMITATIONS:- can be repetitive if each small group says the same thingPREPARATION:- trainer has to prepare questions for groups to discuss 11. Worksheets/SurveysSTRENGTHS:- allows people to thing for themselves without being influences by others- individual thoughts can then be shared in large groupLIMITATIONS:- can be used only for short period of timePREPARATION:- facilitator has to prepare handouts12. Index Card ExerciseSTRENGTHS:- opportunity to explore difficult and complex issuesLIMITATIONS:- people may not do exercisePREPARATION:- facilitator must prepare questions 13. Guest SpeakerSTRENGTHS:- personalizes topic- breaks down audience's stereotypesLIMITATIONS:- may not be a good speakerPREPARATION:- contact speakers and coordinate- introduce speaker appropriately14. Values Clarification ExerciseSTRENGTHS:- opportunity to explore values and beliefs- allows people to discuss values in a safe environment- gives structure to discussionLIMITATION:- people may not be honest- people may be too self-consciousPREPARATION:- facilitator must carefully prepare exercise- must give clear instructions- facilitator must prepare discussion questions Fonte

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